Kompas.com - 10/02/2010, 07:33 WIB
Pakar bahasa Indonesia Anton Moeliono beberapa kali menyayangkan guru Bahasa Indonesia yang tak melihat kamus sebagai bahan ajar di sekolah.
"Padahal, dari kamus itulah kekayaan pengetahuan bahasa dapat diperoleh siswa yang sedang belajar Bahasa Indonesia," tuturnya.
Dalam kamus bahasa Indonesia, khususnya Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, siswa bukan saja dapat memperoleh pengetahuan mengenai makna kata, kelas kata, dan tata kata, tapi juga mengenai khazanah petuah yang terangkum dalam peribahasa--yang menjadi salah satu muatan kamus.
Namun, jika siswa hendak memperoleh pengetahuan tentang makna yang lebih dalam mengenai peribahasa, buku "Kamus Peribahasa" susunan Jusuf Syarif Badudu, edisi Oktober 2009, oleh Penerbit Kompas, menjadi pilihan yang pas.
Seperti yang dikatakan sang penyusun, lahirnya buku ini muncul dari keprihatinannya atas cara guru-guru di sekolah mengajarkan peribahasa kepada anak didik.
Pada umumnya guru di depan siswa membacakan sebuah peribahasa, lalu menerangkan makna kiasan yang dikandung peribahasa tersebut. Sedangkan makna harfiah peribahasa itu sering luput dari uraian sang guru.
Guru juga sering melupakan sejarah atau latar belakang munculnya peribahasa tertentu.
Kekurangan-kekurangan yang dialami guru itulah yang hendak diatasi oleh Badudu lewat buku setebal 300 halaman yang dijual dengan harga Rp45.000, yang nilainya tak lebih dari harga lima bungkus rokok kretek termahal.
Badudu punya pengetahuan menarik antara lain saat menjelaskan peribahasa "Seperti anjing menggonggong tulang". Menurut Badudu, peribahasa di atas didasarkan pada suatu cerita tentang seekor anjing yang menemukan sepotong tulang. Lalu tulang itu digonggongnya, maksudnya: digondol dengan moncongnya. Anjing itu lalu lewat di sebuah titian yang terentang di atas sungai.
Di tengah-tengah titian tersebut, anjing itu berhenti karena di dalam air dilihatnya seekor anjing lain yang juga menggonggong tulang. Padahal, itu hanya bayang-bayangnya saja. Karena loba dan tamaknya, ia ingin juga tulang yang digonggong anjing lain itu. Lalu terjunlah ia ke dalam sungai itu. Akhirnya, tulang yang lain itu tidak didapatkannya, sedangkan yang ada di dimoncongnya pun lepas dan hanyut.
Bila guru di sekolah yang mengajar peribahasa hanya merujuk pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia atau buku peribahasa pada umumnya, pastilah cerita anjing yang loba itu tak termiliki.
Dengan mengetahui cerita di balik munculnya peribahasa "Seperti anjing menggonggong tulang" itu, siswa akan semakin mengerti arti kiasan dari peribahasa tersebut.
Badudu menulis, peribahasa di atas dikiaskan kepada orang yang loba dan tamak. Karena ketamakannya, ia ingin mendapat banyak sekali, tidak peduli orang lain juga memperoleh bagian yang sama seperti dia atau tidak. Yang penting ia ingin lebih banyak. Karena ingin mengejar yang lain, yang ada padanya disia-siakannya.
Akhirnya yang ada padanya lenyap, sedangkan yang dikejarnya tidak pula didapatkan. Singkatnya, orang yang loba dan tamak sering tidak mendapatkan apa-apa atau tidak pernah puas dengan apa yang ada.
Membaca dengan kritis
Membaca peribahasa untuk zaman ketika yang benar dan yang salah tak bisa diputuskan dengan mudah seperti saat ini, agaknya menuntut sikap kritis. Artinya, peribahasa yang berisi petuah yang diciptakan oleh kebudayaan masa silam itu tak serta-merta klop dengan situasi saat ini.
Sebagai contoh, untuk peribahasa "Seperti anjing menggonggong tulang" di atas akan kurang pas jika dikenakan pada kaum profesional yang terbiasa dikondisikan oleh lingkungan yang memaksanya untuk tidak pernah puas dengan apa yang ada.
Peribahasa yang berisi petuah ini memang senantiasa dalam dilema maknawi. Orang yang tamak dengan orang yang selalu tidak puas dengan keadaan yang ada seperti dua sisi pada mata uang yang sama. Tapi, apa makna loba dan tamak untuk kebudayaan kapitalis saat ini?
Pengusaha besar yang membuka toko swalayan di kampung-kampung dan berpotensi menggusur warung-warung kecil, tak lagi "dikutuk" oleh pengambil kebijakan publik.
Apalagi, jika pilihannya adalah menjadi pengusaha yang tak puas dengan yang ada, sehingga harus terus mengembangkan sayap bisnis atau mati digilas pesaing. Jika yang pertama--dan memang begitulah kenyataan saat ini--yang dipilih sang "enterpreneur", maka menjadi loba adalah keniscayaan. Dengan demikian, kebudayaan masa kini justru menasihati sang wirausaha untuk berpacu menjadi "seperti anjing menggonggong tulang".
Satu contoh lagi peribahasa yang bermakna dilematis, yakni "Ditepuk air di dulang, tepercik muka sendiri". Arti kiasan peribahasa ini adalah menceritakan aib keluarga sendiri, si pencerita juga turut beroleh malu."
Jika pengertian keluarga diperluas menjadi "bangsa", apakah yang dilakukan kaum pegiat lembaga swadaya masyarakat, yang mengungkap kebobrokan internal pada sang donatur dari negara lain, juga terkena kutukan moral peribahasa ini?
Hadirnya karya Badudu ini agaknya pantas disambut positif karena bisa memperkaya guru dalam mengajarkan peribahasa pada siswa. Namun, yang tak kalah penting, guru perlu juga membaca peribahasa ini dengan kritis.
Kritisisme inilah yang akan menjadikan pembelajaran peribahasa di sekolah tidak lepas dari kancah persoalan masa kini.
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`); var wSpecStop = createElementFromHTML(`
Konten disembunyikan.
Muat ulang halaman untuk perbarui rekomendasi.
`); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonShare').setAttribute('data-title', item.title); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonShare').setAttribute('data-url', itemUrl); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonShare').setAttribute('data-campaign', 'AIML_Widget_Desktop'); let userFeedback = new UserFeedback(resultObj.engine['tracker_algsrc'], itemUrl + tracker_params, jxRecHelper, index); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').addEventListener('click', function() { do_bookmark(itemUrl, index, userFeedback); }); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonShare').addEventListener('click', function() { userFeedback.event('share'); }); reactionPopup.querySelector('.buttonNotInterest').addEventListener('click', function() { if (getCookie('kmps_usrid')) { hideThisArt(this); userFeedback.event('not-interested'); } else { const parentAction = this.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement if (!!parentAction) { let indexElement = parentAction.getAttribute('data-index') if (indexElement != 'undefined') { localStorage.setItem('reaction_not_interest_temp', JSON.stringify({ urlpage: items[indexElement].url })) } } window.location.href = "https://account.kompas.com/login/a29tcGFz/" + btoa(window.location.href); } }); /** * trigger action "userFeedback" that user not interest item before, when not interest without login */ if (getCookie('kmps_usrid') && localStorage.getItem('reaction_not_interest_temp')) { const tempUrlNotInterest = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('reaction_not_interest_temp')) if (itemUrl == tempUrlNotInterest.urlpage) { userFeedback.event('not-interested'); localStorage.removeItem('reaction_not_interest_temp'); } } wSpecStop.querySelector('.wSpec-stop-undo').addEventListener('click', function() { showThisArt(this); userFeedback.event('un-not-interested'); }); recItem.appendChild(buttonOption); recItem.appendChild(reactionPopup); recItem.appendChild(wSpecStop); } var recItemWrapperA = createElement('a', null, null, null); recItemWrapperA.setAttribute('href', itemUrl + tracker_params); var titleDiv = createElement('h4', null, null, [cssClasses.title]); var titleTextNode = document.createTextNode(item.title); if (item.itemType == 'video') { var iconVideo = createElement('div', null, null, ['icoInline', 'icoVideo']); iconVideo.style.marginRight = '5px'; titleDiv.appendChild(iconVideo); } titleDiv.appendChild(titleTextNode); var sourceDiv = null; if (item.hasOwnProperty('method')) { sourceDiv = createElement('div', null, null, [cssClasses.source], resultObj.engine['type'] + ' . ' + item.method.toUpperCase()); } else { var sourceDiv = createElement('div', null, null, [cssClasses.source], resultObj.engine['type']); } var textWrapper = createElement('div', null, null, [cssClasses.text_wrapper]); textWrapper.appendChild(categoryDiv); textWrapper.appendChild(titleDiv); textWrapper.appendChild(sourceDiv); recItemWrapper.appendChild(imgWrapper); recItemWrapper.appendChild(textWrapper); recItemWrapperA.appendChild(recItemWrapper); recItem.appendChild(recItemWrapperA); widgetWrapper.appendChild(recItem); // hook up the click handler for this item // recItem.onclick = handleClick.bind(null, jxRecHelper, itemUrl + tracker_params, index); recItemWrapperA.onclick = handleClick.bind(null, jxRecHelper, itemUrl + tracker_params, index); }); } // end while var endDate = new Date(); var loadtime = (endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime()); trackEventGa('AIML Article Recommendation', 'Content Loaded', 'algsrc='+algsrc+',site=kompas.com,device=desktop,loadtime=' + loadtime) let domain = window.location.hostname; if(domain=='www.kompas.com'){ var url=window.location.href.split("/"); domain=url[2]+'/'+url[3] } let user_subs_type = "Gues"; let subs_type = ""; let is_lgn = 0; let engine = algsrc; if(getCookie('kmps_usrid')){is_lgn=1}; let time_load = loadtime; // trackMixpanel(domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, 'success', time_load, engine); resolve(); /*** * JXRECSDK NOTES 3 of 5 - * pass all the info about the items to the rec helper * each one is an object: ALL MANDATORY * div * id * pos */ jxRecHelper.items(widgetItemArr); /*** * JXRECSDK NOTES 4 of 5 - * Call the ready() of the helper object when the recommendation * results have been populated to the widget * (This will register the action=ready event) */ if (resultObj.engine['type'] == 'api-1') { jxRecHelper.ready(resultObj.options.algo + ":" + resultObj.options.version); } else { jxRecHelper.ready(resultObj.engine['type']); } } else { jxRecHelper.error(204); console.error("Error: no recommendation items"); return; } } catch (err) { jxRecHelper.error(901); console.log(err.stack); let domain = window.location.hostname; if(domain=='www.kompas.com'){ var url=window.location.href.split("/"); domain=url[2]+'/'+url[3] } let user_subs_type = "Gues"; let subs_type = "" let is_lgn = 0; let engine = algsrc; if(getCookie('kmps_usrid')){is_lgn=1}; let endDate = new Date(); let time_load = (endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime()); // trackMixpanel(domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, 'fail', time_load, engine); } }); } const _jxRecSdkURL = 'https://scripts.jixie.media/jxrecsdk.1.0.min.js'; var startDate = new Date(); class OneWidget { constructor() { //this is also the one we will pass to the JX rec helper object when //we instantiate it: //In this implementation most of these come from the options obj //on the publisher page. this._options = { accountid: '9262bf2590d558736cac4fff7978fcb1', pageurl: 'https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/02/10/0733313/~Oase~Jeda', widget_id: '1000183-6xWeiWZFIM', type: 'pages', container: 'rekomendasi-konten-pilihan-untukmu-aiml', keywords: content_tags, title: title, customid: "", count: 14, }; this._containerId = this._options.container; this._container = document.getElementById(this._containerId); this._engines = [{"url":"https:\/\/recommendation.jixie.media\/v1\/recommendation","method":"GET","pageurl":"https:\/\/nasional.kompas.com\/read\/2010\/02\/10\/0733313\/~Oase~Jeda","system":"jx","type":"api-1","tracker_params":"?source=widgetML","tracker_algsrc":"V","count":14,"page_status":"read","excludeitemids":"201002100733313"}]; } kickOff() { startDate = new Date(); const rand = Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); /*const randSystem = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3); this._engine = this._engines[randSystem] if (location.hostname.indexOf('lestari') != -1) { this._engine = this._engines[1] }*/ this._engine = this._engines[0]; this._options.system = this._engine['system'] trackEventGa('AIML Article Recommendation', 'Widget load', 'algsrc=' + this._engine['tracker_algsrc'] + ',site=kompas.com,device=desktop') let promJXSDK = fetchJSFileP(_jxRecSdkURL); let thisObj = this; // first we wait on the JX REC SDK to be loaded and initialized let recHelperObj = null; let recResults = null; promJXSDK .then(function() { /*** * JXRECSDK NOTES 1 of 5 - INSTANTIATION OF A JX REC HELPER OBJECT * Call this AFTER JX REC SDK is loaded but BEFORE you call your REC * backend. * * param: MANDATORY options object * options object must at a minimal have * accountid: get from jixie * widgetid: get from jixie * container: DIV ID of the destination div to house the widget * (for jixie widget this is just the options object passed from the page) * * (This will also register the action=load event) */ recHelperObj = jxRecMgr.createJxRecHelper(thisObj._options); let basicInfo = thisObj._options; basicInfo.engine = thisObj._engine if (basicInfo.engine.type == 'api-1') { var options = { count: basicInfo['count'], adpositions: "", keywords: basicInfo['keywords'], title: basicInfo['title'], date_published: "2010-02-10", pagecategory: "kompas.com", algo: "mixed" }; if(getCookie('kmps_usrid')){ var kg = { pagetype:basicInfo.engine.page_status, uid:getCookie('kmps_usrid'), ukid:getCookie('kmp_uid') } if(basicInfo.engine.page_status=='read'){ kg['excludeitemids'] = basicInfo.engine.excludeitemids; kg['multiFormat'] = true; } options['additional'] = { kg:kg }; } return recHelperObj.getJxRecommendations(options); } else { return fetchRecommendationsP(basicInfo, recHelperObj.getJxUserInfo()); } }) .then(function(resp) { if (thisObj._engine.type == 'api-3') { recResults = new Object recResults.items = resp.docs.result; } else { recResults = resp; } recResults.engine = thisObj._engine; if (!resp || !recResults.items || recResults.items.length == 0) { /*** * JXRECSDK NOTES 2 of 5 - * Call the error() function on the recHelper when either an error * has occured in the fetching or there are no recommended items * * (This will register the action=error event) */ recHelperObj.error(204); throw "no recommendation results"; } }) .then(function() { // everything is ready (recommendation results, css): document.getElementById("rekomendasi-konten-pilihan-untukmu-aiml").classList.remove("-loading"); document.querySelector('.wSpec-list').remove(); createDisplay(rand, thisObj._container, recResults, recHelperObj) .then(function() { toggleDropdown(); //observe lozad lozad('.lozad', { load: function(el) { el.src = el.dataset.src; el.onload = function() { el.classList.add('fade') } } }).observe() }) }) .catch(function(error) { console.log(`Unable to create recommendations widget ${error.stack} ${error.message}`); }); } } var limit_gtm_ready = 1; function check_gtm_ready() { if ('ga' in window) { // create a new instance of our widget based on the options const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } else { const timeout_gtm_ready = setTimeout(check_gtm_ready, 500) limit_gtm_ready += 1; if (limit_gtm_ready > 10) { clearTimeout(timeout_gtm_ready); const newW = new OneWidget(); newW.kickOff(); } } } check_gtm_ready() document.querySelector('.wSpec-secret').addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); let wSl = document.querySelectorAll('.wSpec-source'); if (wSl.length > 0) { for (let i = 0; i < wSl.length; i++) { wSl[i].classList.toggle('show') } } }) function trackEventGa(category, action, label) { if ("ga" in window) { ga(function() { tracker = ga.getAll()[0]; if (tracker) { tracker.send("event", category, action, label); console.log('track event ', category, action, label) } }) } } function trackMixpanel(domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine){ // if(domain.indexOf("katanetizen") != -1){ // console.log("sini", domain, user_subs_type, subs_type, is_lgn, is_load, time_load, engine); // mixpanel.track('AIML Widget Loaded', { // 'Page Type': 'Read', // 'Page Domain': domain, // 'Page Subscription Type': subs_type, // 'Login Status': is_lgn, // 'Load Status': is_load, // 'Load Time': time_load, // 'Engine': engine, // 'Widget Type': 'Article', // }); mixpanel.track('aiml_content_loaded', { 'Page Type': '', 'Page Domain': 'Kompas.com', 'User Type': user_subs_type, 'Page Subscription Type': subs_type, 'Log In Status': is_lgn, 'Load Status': is_load, 'Load Time': time_load, 'Engine': engine, 'Widget Type': 'Article', }); console.log('track mix panel', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') let kmp_nm = getCookie('kmp_nm'); if(kmp_nm){ distinct_id = mixpanel.get_distinct_id(); mixpanel.identify(distinct_id); mixpanel.people.set({ '$name': atob(kmp_nm), 'Subscription Type': subs_type, }); console.log('track mix panel people', 'AIML Widget Loaded', 'Read') } // } } function formBody(obj) { let formBody = []; for (var property in obj) { let encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property); let encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(obj[property]); formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue); } return formBody.join("&"); } function getCookie(name) { var name = name + '='; var cookies = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie).split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var c = cookies[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } } function get_guid(url) { const videoPath = url.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/); if (videoPath) { return `video.${videoPath[1]}`; } let arrayUrl = url.split('/'); let readPath = arrayUrl.indexOf('read'); if (arrayUrl[readPath + 1] == 'xml') { readPath += 1; } let year = arrayUrl[readPath + 1]; let month = arrayUrl[readPath + 2]; let date = arrayUrl[readPath + 3]; let id = arrayUrl[readPath + 4]; let guid = `.xml.${year}.${month}.${date}.${id}`; return guid; } function toggleDropdown() { let tdd = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if (!!tdd) { tdd.forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', function() { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') let saved = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-saved') let kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); if (kmps_usrid && !saved && el.parentElement.classList.contains('-active')) { let url = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-url'); let guid = get_guid(url); check_bookmark( kmps_usrid, guid ).then(function(resp) { if (resp.hasOwnProperty('total_data')) { if (resp.total_data > 0) { el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').classList.add('-active'); el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'true'); } else { el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'false'); } } }) } }) document.addEventListener("click", function(e) { // console.log(e.target) if (el.contains(e.target)) { // console.log(tdd) } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }); }); } } function check_bookmark(kmps_usrid, guid) { let url = `https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/list?kmps_usrid=${kmps_usrid}&guid=${guid}`; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)) } }; xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true); xmlhttp.send(); }); } function do_bookmark(pageurl, pos, userFeedback) { const wSpecItem = document.querySelector(`.wSpec-item[data-index="${pos}"]`); const btnBookmark = wSpecItem.querySelector('.buttonBookmark'); const kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); const guid = get_guid(pageurl); const type = pageurl.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/) ? 'video' : 'article'; if (kmps_usrid) { if (btnBookmark.classList.contains('-active')) { set_unbookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); userFeedback.event('un-save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data doesn't exists" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); } }) } else { const user_bookmark_url = "https://activity.kompas.com/saved?order=desc"; set_bookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type, publisher: 'kompas', platform: 'desktop' }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); userFeedback.event('save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data already exist" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); } }) } } else { const login_url = "https://account.kompas.com/login/a29tcGFz/" + btoa(window.location.href); window.location.href = login_url; } } function set_bookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/add"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 201) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } function set_unbookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/delete"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } class UserFeedback { constructor(engine, pageurl, jxRecHelper, pos) { this.engine = engine; this.pageurl = pageurl; this.jxRecHelper = jxRecHelper; this.pos = pos; } event(feedback) { if (this.engine == 'C') { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); let params = { domain: 'kompas.com', ce_userid: getCookie('kmps_usrid'), ce_sessionid: getCookie('ukid'), ce_pageurl: this.pageurl, engine: 'C', ce_feedback: feedback } xmlhttp.open("GET", 'https://apis.kgdata.dev/v1/aiml/feedback-widgetml' + formatParams(params)); xmlhttp.send(); } else if (this.engine == 'V') { if (feedback == 'share') { this.jxRecHelper.shared(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'save') { this.jxRecHelper.bookmarked(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.hidden(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'un-not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.unhidden(this.pos); } } } } function formatParams(params) { return "?" + Object .keys(params) .map(function(key) { return key + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]) }) .join("&") } document.addEventListener("click", function(e){ let dx = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if(dx) { dx.forEach(function(el){ if(el.contains(e.target)) { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }) } })
As a language expert with a deep understanding of the Indonesian language, I can provide insights into the concepts mentioned in the article from Kompas.com dated 10/02/2010. The article discusses the importance of using dictionaries, specifically the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language), as a teaching tool in schools. The expert mentioned in the article is Anton Moeliono, who expresses concern about Indonesian language teachers not utilizing dictionaries in their teaching methods.
The key concepts discussed in the article are as follows:
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Importance of Dictionaries in Language Learning: The expert, Anton Moeliono, emphasizes the significance of dictionaries, particularly the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, in acquiring knowledge of the Indonesian language. Dictionaries not only provide meanings of words but also information about word classes, syntax, and a treasury of wisdom encapsulated in proverbs.
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Role of Proverbs in Language Learning: Proverbs (peribahasa) are highlighted as an essential part of dictionaries. They offer insights into cultural wisdom and are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the language. The article criticizes the traditional teaching method where teachers often focus on explaining the figurative meaning of proverbs without delving into their literal meanings or historical backgrounds.
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Issues with Traditional Teaching Methods: The article points out shortcomings in the way teachers typically teach proverbs in schools. Teachers are criticized for merely reciting proverbs, explaining their figurative meanings, and often neglecting the literal meanings or the historical context in which certain proverbs originated.
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Introduction of "Kamus Peribahasa" by Jusuf Syarif Badudu: To address the shortcomings in teaching proverbs, Jusuf Syarif Badudu authored the book "Kamus Peribahasa" (Proverb Dictionary), published by Kompas in October 2009. The book aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of proverbs by presenting their stories, literal meanings, and historical backgrounds.
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Example of Proverb Analysis: "Seperti Anjing Menggonggong Tulang": The article includes an example analysis of the proverb "Seperti anjing menggonggong tulang" (Like a dog barking at a bone). Badudu explains the origin of the proverb and its association with a story about a dog chasing a bone, highlighting the metaphorical meaning related to greed and dissatisfaction.
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Critique of Proverbs in Contemporary Context: The article suggests that interpreting proverbs for the current context requires critical thinking. Some proverbs may not directly align with modern situations, and their meanings may need to be reevaluated. For instance, the proverb "Seperti anjing menggonggong tulang" may not be suitable for professionals accustomed to an environment that encourages continuous improvement.
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Call for Critical Reading of Proverbs: The article encourages a critical approach to reading proverbs in the present day. It suggests that the cultural and moral teachings embedded in proverbs may need to be reconsidered in the context of contemporary issues and values.
In summary, the article discusses the importance of dictionaries, the role of proverbs in language learning, critiques traditional teaching methods, introduces a specialized proverb dictionary, and emphasizes the need for critical interpretation of proverbs in the context of modern society.
